Healthcare in Sierra Leone is provided by a mixture of governmental, private and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The Sierra Leone government has divided the country into 13 health districts based on the administrative districts of Sierra Leone.

There is a lack of healthcare facilities in the country as a result of the Sierra Leone Civil War but have been gradually reconstructed since the end of the war.

Organisation
All medical care is generally charged for in Sierra Leone and is provided by a mixture of government, private and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). There are over 100 NGOs operating in the health care sector in Sierra Leone. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation is responsible for organising health care and after the end of the civil war the ministry changed to a decentralised structure of health provision to try and increase its coverage. The country is divided into 13 health districts that correspond to the districts of Sierra Leone except for the Western Area Rural and Western Area Urban districts which are combined into the Western Area Health district. Each district has a health management team and an average of 50 peripheral health units (PHU) and over 100 technical staff. The management team is responsible for planning, organising and monitoring health provision, training personnel, working with communities and supplying equipment and drugs.

It is planned that each chiefdom, the unit of local government in Sierra Leone below the level of district, should have at least one community health centre. Community health posts perform a similar function to community health centres but have fewer facilities and are used to refer patients to the health centre or the district hospital. Maternal and Child Health posts are the first level of contact on the ground and are located in smaller towns of with populations between 500-2000. Much of the health care infrastructure was decimated during the Civil War and the health service is still in the process of being organised with hospitals and PHU being rebuilt or created and staff being trained.

Traditional medicine
Traditional medicine forms part of the primary health care system in Sierra Leone. The traditional medicine programme, run by the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, has constructed a training school at Makeni, a healing centre at Kono and conducted workshops to promote co-operation between traditional medicine practitioners and orthodox doctors. Members of the programme have also located and collected plants from throughout Sierra Leone used for medicine.